I think there is no difference between vitiligo and leucoderma both are synonymous words.
Mostly in Asean countries like India and SriLunka etc people use the word Leucoderma and in other parts specially in Western worl it this skin condition is famous by the word Vitiligo.
http://www.antivitiligo.com/frequently-asked-questions .html

There is no difference between the two.
Vitiligo is a condition where there are white patches on the skin which is due to destruction of melanocytes in the skin due to various reasons.
Leucoderma is a not a medical term , but a lay man's term which refers to white patches forming on the skin

Vitiligo is the smooth, white patches in the skin caused by the loss of pigment-producing cells.

leucoderma is - Localized loss of skin pigment.