Abdur rahman al bruni

(born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm, died 13 December 1048 in Ghazni, known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni in English , was an Iranian-Chorasmian Muslim scholar and polymath of the 11th century.

He is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in mathematics, astronomy, physical and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a geographer, historian, chronologist and linguist. He is also considered as impartial writer on custom and creeds of various nations and was given the title al-Ustdadh ("The Master"). According to Francis Robinson, Al-Biruni earned the "founder of Indology" and "first anthropologist" titles for his remarkable description of early 11th-century India, although the first in-depth study of India by any Westerner was provided by the Greek ambassador Megasthenes (ca. 350290 BC) in his "famous" four-volume Indica.