Treatment and outcome of rectal cancer depend upon the stage of the cancer. Staging of rectal cancer is based upon how far the cancer has penetrated into the wall of the colon or rectum, whether the cancer has spread to lymph nodes, and whether the cancer has spread to other organs such as liver, lungs or brain (metastasis).After the initial evaluation of a rectal cancer, usually done with colonoscopy, abdominal and pelvic CT scans, ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, a customized treatment plan is designed.
SURGERY: surgery has an important role in treating rectal cancer regardless of the extent of the disease. For localized tumors surgeon will remove the cancerous part of the colon or rectum and the associated lymph nodes. If a cancer has invaded nearby organs, a more extensive operation may be needed and may involve removal of the other affected organs as well followed by reconstructive surgeries.

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Treatment for colon cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Surgery

Surgery is the most common treatment for all stages of colon cancer. Depending on the stage and size of your tumor, your doctor will remove your cancer with Local excision, Resection, Radiofrequency ablation and Cryosurgery

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body
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