One of the things that has always been comfortable about the engineering profession was that it lived within a well-defined domain. But that is about to change because developments in monolithic electro-optical systems design are threatening to upset this orderly world.
Electronics engineers design circuits using transistors and passive components in which voltage or current changes carry information. And digital designers live in a world in which it is assumed that there are pre-defined circuits that exactly implement abstract logic functions so they can focus on combinatorial and sequential design in nearly complete innocence of the underlying electronics.
New branches of physical science that are not even taught to today's electronics graduates are becoming significant. One obvious example is provided by the explosion in monolithic optical devices.
Photodiodes have been around for a long time, particularly to provide the sensory element in CCD arrays. There has also been th
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