Ab al-Rayn Muammad ibn Amad known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni in English, was an Iranian -Chorasmian Muslim scholar and polymath of the eleventh century.
Al-Biruni is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval Islamic era and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist. He was conversant in Chorasmian, Persian, Arabic, Sanskrit and Turkic, and also knew Greek, Hebrew and Syriac. He spent a large part of his life in Ghazni, modern-day Afghanistan, and in 1017 travelled to the Indian subcontinent. He became the most important interpreter of Indian science to the Islamic world. He is given the titles the "founder of Indology" and the "first anthropologist".He was an impartial writer on custom and creeds of various nations, and was given the title al-Ustdadh ("The Master") for his remarkable description of early 11th-century India. He also made contributions to Ea ...more

Al-Biruni